Introduction to Electronic Chart Navigation: With an Annotated ECDIS Chart No. 1 Princess Louisa and locks dotting the earth

and locks dotting the earth

Engraved names and locations

Scale: 1:108

It's a comprehensive and accessible study that's also a compelling analysis of the secrets of Viking navigators

Introduction to Electronic Chart Navigation: With an Annotated ECDIS Chart No. 1 Princess Louisa and locks dotting the earthby David Burch There are two types of electronic charts: raster navigational charts (RNC) and electronic navigational charts (ENC). RNC are exact copies of paper charts and their use underway comes naturally to navigators accustomed to paper charts. All traditional paper charts, however, and their RNC are being discontinued by NOAA. Many are gone already and all will be gone in a year or so.